Block #2,287,063

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/8/2017, 12:14:32 AM · Difficulty 10.9554 · 4,549,926 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
045c99ec75710adaed8a9bde1e2953d8e9907b537ef04331218440b0d57aa688

Height

#2,287,063

Difficulty

10.955425

Transactions

23

Size

7.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af496b7

Nonce

1,140,949,086

Timestamp

9/8/2017, 12:14:32 AM

Confirmations

4,549,926

Merkle Root

cfdea02b21d30a7787c583f989eabbe9d319d1c9c2a3dbe0eecadc91d5311341
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.971 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59710878658925665388…48392601215316131839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.971 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59710878658925665388…48392601215316131839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.971 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59710878658925665388…48392601215316131841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.194 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11942175731785133077…96785202430632263679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.194 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11942175731785133077…96785202430632263681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.388 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23884351463570266155…93570404861264527359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.388 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23884351463570266155…93570404861264527361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.776 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47768702927140532311…87140809722529054719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.776 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47768702927140532311…87140809722529054721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.553 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
95537405854281064622…74281619445058109439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.553 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
95537405854281064622…74281619445058109441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.910 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19107481170856212924…48563238890116218879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,940,213 XPM·at block #6,836,988 · updates every 60s
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