Block #2,285,167

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/6/2017, 4:51:54 PM · Difficulty 10.9553 · 4,531,684 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9c1ed0100775012912927efe6f9d651d558cbd0af54908ee677bb91932ca85f3

Height

#2,285,167

Difficulty

10.955298

Transactions

9

Size

2.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af48e6e

Nonce

1,350,542,737

Timestamp

9/6/2017, 4:51:54 PM

Confirmations

4,531,684

Merkle Root

0105d81c72f2279fb336f535c8137f8510179283eba5909731423fbf01359010
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.243 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72433549777846857647…66912438270657822719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.243 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72433549777846857647…66912438270657822719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.243 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72433549777846857647…66912438270657822721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.448 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14486709955569371529…33824876541315645439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.448 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14486709955569371529…33824876541315645441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.897 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
28973419911138743058…67649753082631290879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.897 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
28973419911138743058…67649753082631290881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.794 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
57946839822277486117…35299506165262581759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.794 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
57946839822277486117…35299506165262581761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.158 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11589367964455497223…70599012330525163519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.158 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11589367964455497223…70599012330525163521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,778,850 XPM·at block #6,816,850 · updates every 60s
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