Block #2,283,340

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/5/2017, 9:53:34 AM · Difficulty 10.9555 · 4,543,499 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
63232aa19026ba154b8a08c36351c703ee117a2df292e1bdbf5a2000f73fcbf0

Height

#2,283,340

Difficulty

10.955484

Transactions

64

Size

15.58 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af49a98

Nonce

371,776,800

Timestamp

9/5/2017, 9:53:34 AM

Confirmations

4,543,499

Merkle Root

c9142ee1422c2ce06e7089005d7606bedd66ceb9edd65856b9a095e7a71e3a3c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.651 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66516727913753195461…39686483862064005119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.651 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66516727913753195461…39686483862064005119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.651 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66516727913753195461…39686483862064005121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.330 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13303345582750639092…79372967724128010239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.330 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13303345582750639092…79372967724128010241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.660 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26606691165501278184…58745935448256020479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.660 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26606691165501278184…58745935448256020481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.321 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53213382331002556368…17491870896512040959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.321 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53213382331002556368…17491870896512040961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.064 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10642676466200511273…34983741793024081919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.064 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10642676466200511273…34983741793024081921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,858,879 XPM·at block #6,826,838 · updates every 60s
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