Block #2,281,256

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/3/2017, 10:44:34 PM · Difficulty 10.9556 · 4,552,067 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd61cb1f887fc78be98559e106727b620df97dda3744bef83763d399edae754c

Height

#2,281,256

Difficulty

10.955617

Transactions

31

Size

9.00 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af4a359

Nonce

856,195,717

Timestamp

9/3/2017, 10:44:34 PM

Confirmations

4,552,067

Merkle Root

523ea97c8c71286465a52e14f123810b856f5d1ee933f022192c8a76d36d43ea
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.387 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13872216407280127023…26650251260072038399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.387 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13872216407280127023…26650251260072038399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.387 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13872216407280127023…26650251260072038401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.774 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27744432814560254046…53300502520144076799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.774 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27744432814560254046…53300502520144076801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.548 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55488865629120508093…06601005040288153599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.548 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55488865629120508093…06601005040288153601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.109 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11097773125824101618…13202010080576307199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.109 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11097773125824101618…13202010080576307201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.219 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22195546251648203237…26404020161152614399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.219 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22195546251648203237…26404020161152614401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,910,777 XPM·at block #6,833,322 · updates every 60s
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