Block #2,280,458

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/3/2017, 8:54:21 AM · Difficulty 10.9559 · 4,564,712 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fd6dd3e6065c857374d8fc21e2f4bf471d1d06e7228fbec3dc2c7ab1f4d01ea1

Height

#2,280,458

Difficulty

10.955879

Transactions

6

Size

1.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af4b47a

Nonce

238,948,187

Timestamp

9/3/2017, 8:54:21 AM

Confirmations

4,564,712

Merkle Root

d88b06abb685802c3662b516eb12505cc8214eabaf09391c0a7413dffff9c57c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.420 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34206038802831231726…71354413332477555199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.420 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34206038802831231726…71354413332477555199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.420 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34206038802831231726…71354413332477555201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.841 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68412077605662463453…42708826664955110399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.841 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68412077605662463453…42708826664955110401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13682415521132492690…85417653329910220799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13682415521132492690…85417653329910220801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.736 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27364831042264985381…70835306659820441599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.736 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27364831042264985381…70835306659820441601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.472 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54729662084529970762…41670613319640883199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.472 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54729662084529970762…41670613319640883201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.094 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10945932416905994152…83341226639281766399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,005,791 XPM·at block #6,845,169 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.
Privacy Policy·

Cookie Preferences

We use cookies to enhance your experience. Some are essential for the site to function, while others help us understand how you use the site.

·Privacy Policy