Block #227,759

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/26/2013, 2:03:39 AM · Difficulty 9.9371 · 6,565,226 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a3ad43e7d8dfe3e88fc8cad705542959ac35826ea72b021c4af886cb4ad9ce7b

Height

#227,759

Difficulty

9.937149

Transactions

9

Size

2.19 KB

Version

2

Bits

09efe905

Nonce

74,001

Timestamp

10/26/2013, 2:03:39 AM

Confirmations

6,565,226

Merkle Root

b130678884a9ba0b7659b077d5caa8f29a201b1f60acb4562ededd002ecad7bf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.363 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13634693808205623502…60365785521638519039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.363 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13634693808205623502…60365785521638519039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.363 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13634693808205623502…60365785521638519041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.726 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27269387616411247005…20731571043277038079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.726 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27269387616411247005…20731571043277038081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.453 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
54538775232822494011…41463142086554076159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.453 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
54538775232822494011…41463142086554076161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.090 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10907755046564498802…82926284173108152319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.090 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10907755046564498802…82926284173108152321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.181 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21815510093128997604…65852568346216304639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.181 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21815510093128997604…65852568346216304641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,587,862 XPM·at block #6,792,984 · updates every 60s
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