Block #227,729

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/26/2013, 1:32:49 AM · Difficulty 9.9371 · 6,575,560 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8ba1ee2394e22db80236502b351399767cb0f744c477d4123ac2387f82803b2f

Height

#227,729

Difficulty

9.937146

Transactions

3

Size

2.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09efe8cc

Nonce

136,260

Timestamp

10/26/2013, 1:32:49 AM

Confirmations

6,575,560

Merkle Root

3a741d7625144babf67c0e095b0ed9348435237ccc9235055e24fc8de3c062f8
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.541 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
85412003333743133054…47450244294829645441
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.541 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
85412003333743133054…47450244294829645441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.708 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
17082400666748626610…94900488589659290881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.416 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34164801333497253221…89800977179318581761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.832 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68329602666994506443…79601954358637163521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.366 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13665920533398901288…59203908717274327041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.733 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27331841066797802577…18407817434548654081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.466 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54663682133595605154…36815634869097308161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.093 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10932736426719121030…73631269738194616321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.186 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21865472853438242061…47262539476389232641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,670,338 XPM·at block #6,803,288 · updates every 60s
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