Block #2,275,366

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/30/2017, 9:31:36 PM · Difficulty 10.9549 · 4,557,900 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4c4a0fbad8aa88955696e466c56a2741a908306fd7cd204a62a485781b068dad

Height

#2,275,366

Difficulty

10.954936

Transactions

22

Size

4.80 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af476b2

Nonce

301,776,537

Timestamp

8/30/2017, 9:31:36 PM

Confirmations

4,557,900

Merkle Root

91be0b36021f25a312f1bc4e3fa5ae4ecae41b69a04432323cac93f2916a05ab
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.817 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38179030248849853228…04460801576029480959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.817 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38179030248849853228…04460801576029480959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.817 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38179030248849853228…04460801576029480961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.635 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76358060497699706457…08921603152058961919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.635 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76358060497699706457…08921603152058961921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.527 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15271612099539941291…17843206304117923839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.527 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15271612099539941291…17843206304117923841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.054 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30543224199079882582…35686412608235847679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.054 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30543224199079882582…35686412608235847681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.108 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61086448398159765165…71372825216471695359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.108 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61086448398159765165…71372825216471695361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.221 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12217289679631953033…42745650432943390719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,910,321 XPM·at block #6,833,265 · updates every 60s
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