Block #2,271,469

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/28/2017, 6:34:20 AM · Difficulty 10.9537 · 4,572,244 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6db0c98309492d60bcf76fd834f3e2e8605d99c24b1b5bd84f0dc57b245c8280

Height

#2,271,469

Difficulty

10.953739

Transactions

71

Size

21.47 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af42837

Nonce

506,339,746

Timestamp

8/28/2017, 6:34:20 AM

Confirmations

4,572,244

Merkle Root

da388c229f1b3c72f9050f8b6e33749de4e2ee9d570e344d9fd9b790dcf1b893
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.585 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55856366284501782501…48370726213794718719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.585 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55856366284501782501…48370726213794718719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.585 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55856366284501782501…48370726213794718721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.117 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11171273256900356500…96741452427589437439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.117 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11171273256900356500…96741452427589437441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.234 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22342546513800713000…93482904855178874879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.234 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22342546513800713000…93482904855178874881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.468 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44685093027601426001…86965809710357749759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.468 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44685093027601426001…86965809710357749761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.937 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89370186055202852003…73931619420715499519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.937 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89370186055202852003…73931619420715499521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.787 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17874037211040570400…47863238841430999039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,994,075 XPM·at block #6,843,712 · updates every 60s
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