Block #2,269,748

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/27/2017, 4:03:51 AM · Difficulty 10.9525 · 4,573,706 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f301a6e94b7a6a7f053cfc24022cefe601d1ad4d53a0bcf2ab9d64848a447e33

Height

#2,269,748

Difficulty

10.952482

Transactions

19

Size

5.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af3d5e2

Nonce

491,211,882

Timestamp

8/27/2017, 4:03:51 AM

Confirmations

4,573,706

Merkle Root

433b731ab5d8f8c293d77798c894fca64a4d9e757f623f9353821b2341293cbe
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.764 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37647955190102498252…06648156945080948479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.764 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37647955190102498252…06648156945080948479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.764 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37647955190102498252…06648156945080948481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.529 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75295910380204996504…13296313890161896959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.529 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75295910380204996504…13296313890161896961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15059182076040999300…26592627780323793919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15059182076040999300…26592627780323793921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.011 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30118364152081998601…53185255560647587839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.011 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30118364152081998601…53185255560647587841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.023 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60236728304163997203…06370511121295175679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.023 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60236728304163997203…06370511121295175681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,992,000 XPM·at block #6,843,453 · updates every 60s
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