Block #226,435

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/25/2013, 5:31:06 AM · Difficulty 9.9359 · 6,590,517 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8cd0e77751519a297388106577771877bafbc868e02ae8f4c58c276e74cb02c5

Height

#226,435

Difficulty

9.935941

Transactions

6

Size

4.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ef99d4

Nonce

71,018

Timestamp

10/25/2013, 5:31:06 AM

Confirmations

6,590,517

Merkle Root

491232cd231a197318946fb4963c0352906e085777e837bb514b74a0d89c2d3e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.474 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14744205841223967714…59554965491502094081
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.474 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14744205841223967714…59554965491502094081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.948 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29488411682447935429…19109930983004188161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.897 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58976823364895870859…38219861966008376321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.179 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11795364672979174171…76439723932016752641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.359 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23590729345958348343…52879447864033505281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.718 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
47181458691916696687…05758895728067010561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
9.436 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
94362917383833393374…11517791456134021121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.887 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
18872583476766678674…23035582912268042241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.774 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
37745166953533357349…46071165824536084481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,779,660 XPM·at block #6,816,951 · updates every 60s
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