Block #2,258,384

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/19/2017, 6:39:51 AM · Difficulty 10.9521 · 4,552,134 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6eabc40daef6edae35d6bb0bce5013b2184b8af84a43effe369356f8029fe5a1

Height

#2,258,384

Difficulty

10.952122

Transactions

65

Size

21.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af3be3f

Nonce

77,016,232

Timestamp

8/19/2017, 6:39:51 AM

Confirmations

4,552,134

Merkle Root

310ba3dcb9cca53f68b8958e5dcd5516c84fb38dcd1d0aace0b60c466df59564
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.472 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34723468484848796580…41818161594479872369
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.472 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34723468484848796580…41818161594479872369
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.472 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34723468484848796580…41818161594479872371
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.944 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
69446936969697593160…83636323188959744739
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.944 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
69446936969697593160…83636323188959744741
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.388 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13889387393939518632…67272646377919489479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.388 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13889387393939518632…67272646377919489481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.777 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27778774787879037264…34545292755838978959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.777 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27778774787879037264…34545292755838978961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.555 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
55557549575758074528…69090585511677957919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.555 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
55557549575758074528…69090585511677957921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.111 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11111509915151614905…38181171023355915839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,728,230 XPM·at block #6,810,517 · updates every 60s
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