Block #2,252,780

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/15/2017, 2:23:07 PM · Difficulty 10.9490 · 4,589,555 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
08337d2e3b8ab06beec3c5f6b8c16f82eb3c61df41a0a40850d76a0d777f1469

Height

#2,252,780

Difficulty

10.948972

Transactions

8

Size

2.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af2efcf

Nonce

109,425,955

Timestamp

8/15/2017, 2:23:07 PM

Confirmations

4,589,555

Merkle Root

cd46e73a01c868a01b08ba1a9d3edb4cbd5bab8aaaf9d93a366707ab94e26efd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.394 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33944102502781371164…85626911028654715439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.394 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33944102502781371164…85626911028654715439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.394 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33944102502781371164…85626911028654715441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.788 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67888205005562742329…71253822057309430879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.788 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67888205005562742329…71253822057309430881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.357 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13577641001112548465…42507644114618861759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.357 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13577641001112548465…42507644114618861761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.715 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27155282002225096931…85015288229237723519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.715 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27155282002225096931…85015288229237723521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.431 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
54310564004450193863…70030576458475447039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.431 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
54310564004450193863…70030576458475447041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,086 XPM·at block #6,842,334 · updates every 60s
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