Block #2,251,736

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/14/2017, 9:50:25 PM · Difficulty 10.9484 · 4,581,749 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3b85fcd19c627a1e15c7d5f2ca8a8aefcca19cfa166271c9c94ef65c3a6af12f

Height

#2,251,736

Difficulty

10.948399

Transactions

11

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af2ca4b

Nonce

1,465,250,362

Timestamp

8/14/2017, 9:50:25 PM

Confirmations

4,581,749

Merkle Root

c2945a5604e1f26eb758e10abad4e3698c49122e2cab151fe74704391123e678
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.634 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36345762908900725835…46779126683673026559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.634 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36345762908900725835…46779126683673026559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.634 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36345762908900725835…46779126683673026561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.269 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72691525817801451670…93558253367346053119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.269 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72691525817801451670…93558253367346053121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.453 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14538305163560290334…87116506734692106239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.453 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14538305163560290334…87116506734692106241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.907 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29076610327120580668…74233013469384212479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.907 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29076610327120580668…74233013469384212481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.815 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58153220654241161336…48466026938768424959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.815 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58153220654241161336…48466026938768424961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,912,085 XPM·at block #6,833,484 · updates every 60s
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