Block #2,247,679

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/12/2017, 3:00:44 AM · Difficulty 10.9478 · 4,594,647 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ecb5136ff2906de3901ba83f9e6ae1d13f9b50fd1f191e15860e1029b4af52ab

Height

#2,247,679

Difficulty

10.947784

Transactions

6

Size

2.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af2a1fc

Nonce

49,690,979

Timestamp

8/12/2017, 3:00:44 AM

Confirmations

4,594,647

Merkle Root

e0efc5c4533cb14007c890894f9e0814ae2282129111b5c8a094d60e13bf917e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.945 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49456584886229971922…46185302486893425119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.945 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49456584886229971922…46185302486893425119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.945 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49456584886229971922…46185302486893425121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.891 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98913169772459943845…92370604973786850239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.891 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98913169772459943845…92370604973786850241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.978 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19782633954491988769…84741209947573700479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.978 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19782633954491988769…84741209947573700481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.956 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39565267908983977538…69482419895147400959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.956 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39565267908983977538…69482419895147400961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.913 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
79130535817967955076…38964839790294801919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.913 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
79130535817967955076…38964839790294801921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,015 XPM·at block #6,842,325 · updates every 60s
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