Block #2,247,661

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/12/2017, 2:42:21 AM · Difficulty 10.9478 · 4,593,277 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a7e62e28f3d6973d52de25d0c9a8299110091ec797708926143bf3775038679c

Height

#2,247,661

Difficulty

10.947789

Transactions

15

Size

15.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af2a245

Nonce

808,800,160

Timestamp

8/12/2017, 2:42:21 AM

Confirmations

4,593,277

Merkle Root

4a9251b471023badefffa3e1782ce7e9a7bd3519020b14cd054d15fc4d3282fe
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.395 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13954919252660289519…11082879210032465919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.395 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13954919252660289519…11082879210032465919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.395 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13954919252660289519…11082879210032465921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.790 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27909838505320579038…22165758420064931839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.790 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27909838505320579038…22165758420064931841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.581 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55819677010641158077…44331516840129863679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.581 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55819677010641158077…44331516840129863681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.116 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11163935402128231615…88663033680259727359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.116 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11163935402128231615…88663033680259727361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.232 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22327870804256463230…77326067360519454719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.232 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22327870804256463230…77326067360519454721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,971,858 XPM·at block #6,840,937 · updates every 60s
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