Block #2,244,509

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/9/2017, 11:13:56 PM · Difficulty 10.9470 · 4,596,615 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8ba832adf8b61d8c5dc67ef63d8ef0af20f33fc64a15013ec252340106e44b58

Height

#2,244,509

Difficulty

10.947035

Transactions

18

Size

54.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af270ea

Nonce

343,358,799

Timestamp

8/9/2017, 11:13:56 PM

Confirmations

4,596,615

Merkle Root

9f5552cdf856768603ae250c52511513c229af591401a3f903882cc78fb906f5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.026 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10260769030086204119…62735525634305381759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10260769030086204119…62735525634305381759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10260769030086204119…62735525634305381761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20521538060172408238…25471051268610763519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20521538060172408238…25471051268610763521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.104 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41043076120344816477…50942102537221527039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.104 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41043076120344816477…50942102537221527041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.208 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
82086152240689632955…01884205074443054079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.208 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
82086152240689632955…01884205074443054081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.641 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16417230448137926591…03768410148886108159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.641 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16417230448137926591…03768410148886108161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,973,361 XPM·at block #6,841,123 · updates every 60s
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