Block #2,238,241

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/5/2017, 3:54:01 PM · Difficulty 10.9461 · 4,602,214 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1c9d21f5c4686469d59e77bc629864aac354ddde8d26314a59d73d7a5fe4f5dd

Height

#2,238,241

Difficulty

10.946122

Transactions

18

Size

6.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af2350c

Nonce

1,131,058,350

Timestamp

8/5/2017, 3:54:01 PM

Confirmations

4,602,214

Merkle Root

a2bed3983e91fcca7cbc94fecf8d41652942d8737575ba8c86397be7e544d82f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.625 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
86258603733370992655…13399959754281951779
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.625 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
86258603733370992655…13399959754281951779
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.625 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
86258603733370992655…13399959754281951781
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.725 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17251720746674198531…26799919508563903559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.725 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17251720746674198531…26799919508563903561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.450 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34503441493348397062…53599839017127807119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.450 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34503441493348397062…53599839017127807121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.900 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
69006882986696794124…07199678034255614239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.900 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
69006882986696794124…07199678034255614241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13801376597339358824…14399356068511228479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13801376597339358824…14399356068511228481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,967,971 XPM·at block #6,840,454 · updates every 60s
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