Block #222,807

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/22/2013, 12:00:04 PM · Difficulty 9.9396 · 6,589,392 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8a18fb05a31a7cbac19f813f39d24123f4bef08808246d6509d5e3613278f005

Height

#222,807

Difficulty

9.939554

Transactions

5

Size

2.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f086a0

Nonce

60,618

Timestamp

10/22/2013, 12:00:04 PM

Confirmations

6,589,392

Merkle Root

3fd600e1bde1eb4773b8da1861aed77c298528e5e5ecf76f7ee0078e061cb249
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.960 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
49601526711511343057…01804897563336493921
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.960 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
49601526711511343057…01804897563336493921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.920 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
99203053423022686115…03609795126672987841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.984 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19840610684604537223…07219590253345975681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.968 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
39681221369209074446…14439180506691951361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.936 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
79362442738418148892…28878361013383902721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.587 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15872488547683629778…57756722026767805441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.174 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
31744977095367259557…15513444053535610881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.348 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
63489954190734519114…31026888107071221761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.269 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12697990838146903822…62053776214142443521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,741,603 XPM·at block #6,812,198 · updates every 60s
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