Block #22,143

2CCLength 8★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/12/2013, 4:30:19 PM · Difficulty 7.9499 · 6,794,748 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b4d76dcd2e646818f8961052c61a6a6c6f6bcbda5a0e9adac25600c0994c2ee9

Height

#22,143

Difficulty

7.949870

Transactions

2

Size

356 B

Version

2

Bits

07f32ab0

Nonce

477

Timestamp

7/12/2013, 4:30:19 PM

Confirmations

6,794,748

Merkle Root

f1be4e61626bbd7bdf7cb263c8d7285ae35eed8e876c3e1b33b0d22af13b9356
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out15.8100 XPM108 B
1 in → 1 out15.9400 XPM159 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.915 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19151596536562867585…93908289464121694101
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.915 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19151596536562867585…93908289464121694101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.830 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
38303193073125735171…87816578928243388201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.660 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
76606386146251470343…75633157856486776401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.532 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15321277229250294068…51266315712973552801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.064 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30642554458500588137…02532631425947105601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.128 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
61285108917001176274…05065262851894211201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.225 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12257021783400235254…10130525703788422401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.451 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24514043566800470509…20261051407576844801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 8 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 8

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,779,169 XPM·at block #6,816,890 · updates every 60s
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