Block #2,207,162

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/15/2017, 1:07:32 AM · Difficulty 10.9457 · 4,609,534 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a04dad8d88ca20b4e9832d206bf24d6b61cf307a9a9a064705cd0fc1d977a12e

Height

#2,207,162

Difficulty

10.945694

Transactions

26

Size

5.77 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af21907

Nonce

782,178,572

Timestamp

7/15/2017, 1:07:32 AM

Confirmations

4,609,534

Merkle Root

14706836adf694e0ec0160a7d6235717f6cc2d9877724fc212c0f38cdff743f8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.444 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34445908163163471906…69684422566146375679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.444 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34445908163163471906…69684422566146375679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.444 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34445908163163471906…69684422566146375681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.889 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
68891816326326943812…39368845132292751359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.889 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
68891816326326943812…39368845132292751361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.377 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13778363265265388762…78737690264585502719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.377 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13778363265265388762…78737690264585502721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.755 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27556726530530777524…57475380529171005439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.755 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27556726530530777524…57475380529171005441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.511 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55113453061061555049…14950761058342010879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.511 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55113453061061555049…14950761058342010881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,777,690 XPM·at block #6,816,695 · updates every 60s
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