Block #218,720

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/20/2013, 2:36:36 AM · Difficulty 9.9311 · 6,575,860 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
23a903b7032b01962767d3853759d506a1a7899a30f582966675f1b5160e3102

Height

#218,720

Difficulty

9.931071

Transactions

9

Size

4.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ee5ab0

Nonce

7,398

Timestamp

10/20/2013, 2:36:36 AM

Confirmations

6,575,860

Merkle Root

3eedbb4a25d9c072b499a38ad8595a6215f51f9eab927057bc55609a04824e4b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.210 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12104061220873337484…09871719741007531201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.210 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12104061220873337484…09871719741007531201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.420 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24208122441746674968…19743439482015062401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.841 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48416244883493349936…39486878964030124801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.683 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96832489766986699872…78973757928060249601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.936 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19366497953397339974…57947515856120499201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.873 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38732995906794679949…15895031712240998401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.746 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77465991813589359898…31790063424481996801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.549 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15493198362717871979…63580126848963993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.098 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30986396725435743959…27160253697927987201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,600,686 XPM·at block #6,794,579 · updates every 60s
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