Block #218,113

1CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the First Kind · Discovered 10/19/2013, 6:14:08 PM · Difficulty 9.9296 · 6,581,336 confirmations

1CC
Cunningham Chain of the First Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime plus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8e55248b67aa66737bee8017be13e1f8cd193e4145a0368a933219052f4e2c0b

Height

#218,113

Difficulty

9.929595

Transactions

4

Size

3.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

09edf9ed

Nonce

5,666

Timestamp

10/19/2013, 6:14:08 PM

Confirmations

6,581,336

Merkle Root

10f09a1a5626e49a33a3b69afacb3df114eaa3f149dd23ffe5f4268ba39a4b31
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.965 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
19653409988199416078…23050360472655223199
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin − 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin − 1
1.965 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
19653409988199416078…23050360472655223199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
2
2^1 × origin − 1
3.930 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
39306819976398832156…46100720945310446399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
3
2^2 × origin − 1
7.861 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
78613639952797664312…92201441890620892799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
4
2^3 × origin − 1
1.572 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
15722727990559532862…84402883781241785599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
5
2^4 × origin − 1
3.144 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
31445455981119065725…68805767562483571199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
6
2^5 × origin − 1
6.289 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
62890911962238131450…37611535124967142399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
7
2^6 × origin − 1
1.257 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12578182392447626290…75223070249934284799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
8
2^7 × origin − 1
2.515 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
25156364784895252580…50446140499868569599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
9
2^8 × origin − 1
5.031 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
50312729569790505160…00892280999737139199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
10
2^9 × origin − 1
1.006 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10062545913958101032…01784561999474278399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the First Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 1CC formula:

1CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ + 1, p₃ = 2p₂ + 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,639,645 XPM·at block #6,799,448 · updates every 60s
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