Block #218,107

1CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the First Kind · Discovered 10/19/2013, 6:10:48 PM · Difficulty 9.9296 · 6,579,845 confirmations

1CC
Cunningham Chain of the First Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime plus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d1dd9c8419a2f2737928e69230a6dcd7b12d1a81564b979dfd5e7427e3636192

Height

#218,107

Difficulty

9.929589

Transactions

1

Size

1.61 KB

Version

2

Bits

09edf985

Nonce

215,607

Timestamp

10/19/2013, 6:10:48 PM

Confirmations

6,579,845

Merkle Root

98acc942110d5db6b915d1d0ef31af68d2f01c711f2330a0a442bc74359a12e1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.040 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
90401297428745350524…25557738070801497679
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin − 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin − 1
9.040 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
90401297428745350524…25557738070801497679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
2
2^1 × origin − 1
1.808 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18080259485749070104…51115476141602995359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
3
2^2 × origin − 1
3.616 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36160518971498140209…02230952283205990719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
4
2^3 × origin − 1
7.232 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
72321037942996280419…04461904566411981439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
5
2^4 × origin − 1
1.446 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14464207588599256083…08923809132823962879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
6
2^5 × origin − 1
2.892 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
28928415177198512167…17847618265647925759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
7
2^6 × origin − 1
5.785 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
57856830354397024335…35695236531295851519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
8
2^7 × origin − 1
1.157 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11571366070879404867…71390473062591703039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
9
2^8 × origin − 1
2.314 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23142732141758809734…42780946125183406079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the First Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 1CC formula:

1CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ + 1, p₃ = 2p₂ + 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,627,609 XPM·at block #6,797,951 · updates every 60s
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