Block #217,693

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/19/2013, 12:26:36 PM · Difficulty 9.9286 · 6,606,801 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
cab773d50748103c2488e27aab8efa13f3488cc4b0287ef3221baeb4512cc0e3

Height

#217,693

Difficulty

9.928555

Transactions

2

Size

688 B

Version

2

Bits

09edb5cc

Nonce

214,381

Timestamp

10/19/2013, 12:26:36 PM

Confirmations

6,606,801

Merkle Root

f910b38af22a447d0c83ad97bc029e10330258a9fe1b02d19293ffcd7089c824
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out10.1400 XPM109 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.860 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18606119645579979747…03915617960522016001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.860 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18606119645579979747…03915617960522016001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.721 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37212239291159959494…07831235921044032001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.442 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
74424478582319918989…15662471842088064001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.488 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14884895716463983797…31324943684176128001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.976 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
29769791432927967595…62649887368352256001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.953 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
59539582865855935191…25299774736704512001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.190 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11907916573171187038…50599549473409024001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.381 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23815833146342374076…01199098946818048001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.763 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47631666292684748152…02398197893636096001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,840,024 XPM·at block #6,824,493 · updates every 60s
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