Block #216,707

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/18/2013, 9:28:59 PM · Difficulty 9.9272 · 6,590,357 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
83a89eb29a31aa6e8280e0817426ffb39e0078f7806719a0ed6c5613a415c276

Height

#216,707

Difficulty

9.927230

Transactions

4

Size

1.15 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ed5ef1

Nonce

211,576

Timestamp

10/18/2013, 9:28:59 PM

Confirmations

6,590,357

Merkle Root

d563e84035f1b18ee4d56d8d21689c3d37858d674eaa4f50cac58abb9373f4ac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.100 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
31006862973830772524…85222836330894443041
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.100 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
31006862973830772524…85222836330894443041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.201 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
62013725947661545049…70445672661788886081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.240 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12402745189532309009…40891345323577772161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.480 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
24805490379064618019…81782690647155544321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.961 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
49610980758129236039…63565381294311088641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.922 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
99221961516258472078…27130762588622177281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.984 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
19844392303251694415…54261525177244354561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.968 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
39688784606503388831…08523050354488709121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.937 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
79377569213006777663…17046100708977418241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,700,610 XPM·at block #6,807,063 · updates every 60s
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