Block #215,955

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/18/2013, 11:12:32 AM · Difficulty 9.9253 · 6,600,528 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
9444f471309de24d22c03e8c17de0890a28d4d68ef57e622a297c4ec3c006551

Height

#215,955

Difficulty

9.925308

Transactions

11

Size

3.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ece0f8

Nonce

82,751

Timestamp

10/18/2013, 11:12:32 AM

Confirmations

6,600,528

Merkle Root

2782f9008908609c5bb841b6800366ae0cca7c8d077709b81bd3face81f05623
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.631 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16315189874494354319…74823406169241646081
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.631 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16315189874494354319…74823406169241646081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.263 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32630379748988708639…49646812338483292161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.526 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
65260759497977417279…99293624676966584321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.305 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13052151899595483455…98587249353933168641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.610 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26104303799190966911…97174498707866337281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.220 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52208607598381933823…94348997415732674561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.044 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10441721519676386764…88697994831465349121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.088 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20883443039352773529…77395989662930698241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.176 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
41766886078705547059…54791979325861396481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,775,995 XPM·at block #6,816,482 · updates every 60s
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