Block #215,916

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/18/2013, 10:32:41 AM · Difficulty 9.9253 · 6,578,813 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
4f64446037f9789325906a9121e3dadc2c15f4d977efc431577a81286bd42d56

Height

#215,916

Difficulty

9.925259

Transactions

7

Size

4.34 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ecddc3

Nonce

5,005

Timestamp

10/18/2013, 10:32:41 AM

Confirmations

6,578,813

Merkle Root

2af25ad2f7856f8d4fe7f90951cbcb7360eb2cbc4cf43d221d2ec4d95ac4c553
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.462 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
64628311528991545888…20159044827490077501
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.462 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
64628311528991545888…20159044827490077501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.292 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
12925662305798309177…40318089654980155001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.585 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
25851324611596618355…80636179309960310001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.170 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
51702649223193236710…61272358619920620001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.034 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
10340529844638647342…22544717239841240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.068 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
20681059689277294684…45089434479682480001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.136 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
41362119378554589368…90178868959364960001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.272 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
82724238757109178737…80357737918729920001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.654 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16544847751421835747…60715475837459840001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,601,882 XPM·at block #6,794,728 · updates every 60s
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