Block #215,428

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/18/2013, 2:06:41 AM · Difficulty 9.9254 · 6,580,259 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
9e1552d2ed8ad2e4ed89d256c874d3c50e7ba2dcd50216bcb2d1d6435b4e7055

Height

#215,428

Difficulty

9.925413

Transactions

6

Size

5.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ece7dc

Nonce

103,545

Timestamp

10/18/2013, 2:06:41 AM

Confirmations

6,580,259

Merkle Root

5513c0b499a97dde8e4c9085958d02243155533c2c9eb78ca5dbaf86daf45d41
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.875 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
48753622681844880061…98431205979717632001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.875 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
48753622681844880061…98431205979717632001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.750 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
97507245363689760123…96862411959435264001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.950 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
19501449072737952024…93724823918870528001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.900 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
39002898145475904049…87449647837741056001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.800 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
78005796290951808098…74899295675482112001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.560 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15601159258190361619…49798591350964224001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.120 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31202318516380723239…99597182701928448001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.240 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62404637032761446478…99194365403856896001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.248 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12480927406552289295…98388730807713792001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,609,565 XPM·at block #6,795,686 · updates every 60s
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