Block #215,137

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 9:40:14 PM · Difficulty 9.9250 · 6,592,087 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
85be11b52f6bf3393aa754743ebc7f06b21b741e5008fd624a7443515993a6a8

Height

#215,137

Difficulty

9.925026

Transactions

1

Size

3.70 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ecce88

Nonce

1,164,734,938

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 9:40:14 PM

Confirmations

6,592,087

Merkle Root

d71761cebfbddf75e147363ed961e3435223cd02367043e3d84b2a708f13693e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.836 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18361063894337174462…65804655848461326721
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.836 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18361063894337174462…65804655848461326721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.672 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
36722127788674348924…31609311696922653441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.344 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
73444255577348697848…63218623393845306881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.468 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
14688851115469739569…26437246787690613761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.937 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
29377702230939479139…52874493575381227521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.875 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
58755404461878958278…05748987150762455041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.175 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11751080892375791655…11497974301524910081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.350 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
23502161784751583311…22995948603049820161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.700 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
47004323569503166623…45991897206099640321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,701,808 XPM·at block #6,807,223 · updates every 60s
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