Block #214,728

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 3:59:49 PM · Difficulty 9.9240 · 6,588,484 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
db5e4e75cad2a315b405e8ce6078f833d33a569e5553a6fe41e5dfc5922bdb44

Height

#214,728

Difficulty

9.923989

Transactions

3

Size

549 B

Version

2

Bits

09ec8a83

Nonce

37,652

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 3:59:49 PM

Confirmations

6,588,484

Merkle Root

3c4cea80afe19a2b02b0678bc9db7e296d6461dd97e60228ec7cbc8c31efe8fc
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.178 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41782229456272625244…90781767166681984001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.178 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41782229456272625244…90781767166681984001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.356 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
83564458912545250488…81563534333363968001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.671 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16712891782509050097…63127068666727936001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.342 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33425783565018100195…26254137333455872001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.685 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66851567130036200390…52508274666911744001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.337 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13370313426007240078…05016549333823488001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.674 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26740626852014480156…10033098667646976001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.348 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53481253704028960312…20066197335293952001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.069 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10696250740805792062…40132394670587904001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,669,719 XPM·at block #6,803,211 · updates every 60s
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