Block #214,583

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 2:03:14 PM · Difficulty 9.9236 · 6,582,212 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1448b49ac1c471a8595f95d1b0a4d84eee2519a894ba0b3ded6cc3a8626ac410

Height

#214,583

Difficulty

9.923552

Transactions

1

Size

5.26 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ec6dee

Nonce

1,164,769,248

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 2:03:14 PM

Confirmations

6,582,212

Merkle Root

649c3f6f9a6d70b89e05e24ecf5aadd6b54c4a0159d7049943eea66670738086
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.203 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32034319731969896324…15223877523615754161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.203 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32034319731969896324…15223877523615754161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.406 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
64068639463939792648…30447755047231508321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.281 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12813727892787958529…60895510094463016641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.562 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25627455785575917059…21791020188926033281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.125 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51254911571151834119…43582040377852066561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.025 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10250982314230366823…87164080755704133121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.050 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20501964628460733647…74328161511408266241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.100 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41003929256921467295…48656323022816532481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.200 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
82007858513842934590…97312646045633064961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.640 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16401571702768586918…94625292091266129921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,618,373 XPM·at block #6,796,794 · updates every 60s
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