Block #214,391

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 11:23:37 AM · Difficulty 9.9231 · 6,582,056 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ed49a049d8250e7501ebec99f4d14accef84ca4a373d8f89434a6e734c89e19c

Height

#214,391

Difficulty

9.923113

Transactions

2

Size

576 B

Version

2

Bits

09ec511b

Nonce

13,885

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 11:23:37 AM

Confirmations

6,582,056

Merkle Root

c9d04708210c538cfc0f5060921edfc429f1c6b6921b6dbb1f69e623560551aa
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.902 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29022571388072166585…87991507761549628161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.902 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29022571388072166585…87991507761549628161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.804 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
58045142776144333170…75983015523099256321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.160 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11609028555228866634…51966031046198512641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.321 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23218057110457733268…03932062092397025281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.643 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
46436114220915466536…07864124184794050561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.287 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
92872228441830933072…15728248369588101121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.857 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18574445688366186614…31456496739176202241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.714 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
37148891376732373228…62912993478352404481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.429 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
74297782753464746457…25825986956704808961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,615,569 XPM·at block #6,796,446 · updates every 60s
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