Block #214,278

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 9:37:45 AM · Difficulty 9.9228 · 6,596,132 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
567d790f883025e3f9bce6010b2319e9b2a6eb089d2ba683b0d98b8381d07200

Height

#214,278

Difficulty

9.922808

Transactions

1

Size

5.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ec3d23

Nonce

1,164,860,361

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 9:37:45 AM

Confirmations

6,596,132

Merkle Root

3fa21bc6329d24d5317d8f6c8eadf9c7bcd1ba503276e72ebe02446b0b96b03b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.001 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
10011589295804786723…56530981032865996801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.001 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
10011589295804786723…56530981032865996801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.002 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
20023178591609573446…13061962065731993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.004 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
40046357183219146892…26123924131463987201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.009 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
80092714366438293784…52247848262927974401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.601 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16018542873287658756…04495696525855948801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.203 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
32037085746575317513…08991393051711897601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.407 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
64074171493150635027…17982786103423795201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.281 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12814834298630127005…35965572206847590401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.562 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25629668597260254011…71931144413695180801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,727,359 XPM·at block #6,810,409 · updates every 60s
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