Block #2,142,285

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/2/2017, 7:21:27 PM · Difficulty 10.8752 · 4,696,412 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
295f5d37ef6b3df7ec7733d0420787b94e86d066c081799e2e2183981e9ad532

Height

#2,142,285

Difficulty

10.875199

Transactions

6

Size

2.10 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae00d08

Nonce

2,010,695,568

Timestamp

6/2/2017, 7:21:27 PM

Confirmations

4,696,412

Merkle Root

b87eb69738547a06d07b30963112d87a397ecade91409eeaf1efc8dc5eb4b24e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.490 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44906968158801597041…54270671500737671679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.490 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44906968158801597041…54270671500737671679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.490 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44906968158801597041…54270671500737671681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.981 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
89813936317603194083…08541343001475343359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.981 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
89813936317603194083…08541343001475343361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.796 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17962787263520638816…17082686002950686719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.796 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17962787263520638816…17082686002950686721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.592 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35925574527041277633…34165372005901373439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.592 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35925574527041277633…34165372005901373441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.185 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71851149054082555266…68330744011802746879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.185 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71851149054082555266…68330744011802746881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,953,840 XPM·at block #6,838,696 · updates every 60s
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