Block #214,194

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 8:13:14 AM · Difficulty 9.9229 · 6,602,241 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
53d0520d2dbb94e7e4425c08603c2148d47507e61c6a141c119c5c48c51bb272

Height

#214,194

Difficulty

9.922933

Transactions

1

Size

4.10 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ec455c

Nonce

1,164,847,802

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 8:13:14 AM

Confirmations

6,602,241

Merkle Root

18598cc36c449cc14e2461bf794d0d2bfa97ed7b0d0ea5656031bbbd6183e7db
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.385 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
83858666560225754055…30610311635571484161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.385 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
83858666560225754055…30610311635571484161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.677 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16771733312045150811…61220623271142968321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.354 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33543466624090301622…22441246542285936641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.708 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67086933248180603244…44882493084571873281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.341 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13417386649636120648…89764986169143746561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.683 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26834773299272241297…79529972338287493121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.366 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53669546598544482595…59059944676574986241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.073 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10733909319708896519…18119889353149972481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.146 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21467818639417793038…36239778706299944961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,775,605 XPM·at block #6,816,434 · updates every 60s
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