Block #2,141,440

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/2/2017, 6:03:16 AM · Difficulty 10.8741 · 4,699,955 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
314eed094ba4de4e747a1400cdec4228d20e72841ca39f29363579b7b57ccee2

Height

#2,141,440

Difficulty

10.874076

Transactions

6

Size

2.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0adfc379

Nonce

437,680,761

Timestamp

6/2/2017, 6:03:16 AM

Confirmations

4,699,955

Merkle Root

8cc839bb177898d874762f6af85adb8d015c4c02130632aa78292141fb7f4e94
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.347 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33471602939588547601…75148727644229257739
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.347 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33471602939588547601…75148727644229257739
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.347 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33471602939588547601…75148727644229257741
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.694 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66943205879177095202…50297455288458515479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.694 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66943205879177095202…50297455288458515481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.338 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13388641175835419040…00594910576917030959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.338 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13388641175835419040…00594910576917030961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.677 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26777282351670838081…01189821153834061919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.677 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26777282351670838081…01189821153834061921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.355 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53554564703341676162…02379642307668123839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.355 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53554564703341676162…02379642307668123841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,975,532 XPM·at block #6,841,394 · updates every 60s
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