Block #214,065

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 6:15:33 AM · Difficulty 9.9228 · 6,591,993 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b2c20b0b66c3341735eb112720909773050f0291c714873dd11a45d0e34ae4db

Height

#214,065

Difficulty

9.922751

Transactions

2

Size

391 B

Version

2

Bits

09ec3963

Nonce

29,038

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 6:15:33 AM

Confirmations

6,591,993

Merkle Root

b99e8dec384f9bd238ad61a91b0a3e8daf426b34f74a0a03a4cc3c9060c9d4c2
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.830 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
38302951375964961074…57019578305840149121
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.830 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
38302951375964961074…57019578305840149121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.660 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
76605902751929922148…14039156611680298241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.532 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15321180550385984429…28078313223360596481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.064 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30642361100771968859…56156626446721192961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.128 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61284722201543937718…12313252893442385921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.225 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12256944440308787543…24626505786884771841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.451 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24513888880617575087…49253011573769543681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.902 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49027777761235150175…98506023147539087361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.805 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
98055555522470300350…97012046295078174721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,692,547 XPM·at block #6,806,057 · updates every 60s
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