Block #214,063

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/17/2013, 6:13:14 AM · Difficulty 9.9228 · 6,582,224 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
daaa5af453a96c4e70aaadd5a53762022649cbc24debbc32d18ff0f8daf02b5a

Height

#214,063

Difficulty

9.922790

Transactions

1

Size

4.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ec3bf5

Nonce

1,165,236,910

Timestamp

10/17/2013, 6:13:14 AM

Confirmations

6,582,224

Merkle Root

67792b7f01dd6358cb3d56f7c50778aad1aa23271a871f7df98ecbbfd3e0a91f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.732 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27322777022719144576…51295111712110310241
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.732 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27322777022719144576…51295111712110310241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.464 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54645554045438289152…02590223424220620481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.092 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10929110809087657830…05180446848441240961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.185 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21858221618175315661…10360893696882481921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.371 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
43716443236350631322…20721787393764963841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
8.743 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87432886472701262644…41443574787529927681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.748 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17486577294540252528…82887149575059855361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.497 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34973154589080505057…65774299150119710721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.994 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
69946309178161010115…31548598300239421441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,614,299 XPM·at block #6,796,286 · updates every 60s
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