Block #2,137,949

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/30/2017, 11:22:25 AM · Difficulty 10.8861 · 4,705,284 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f6707c9f79befda88230bc998bb0f066b11a6ae080efb6f1236cbc5c0b868c82

Height

#2,137,949

Difficulty

10.886055

Transactions

6

Size

1.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae2d488

Nonce

489,629,803

Timestamp

5/30/2017, 11:22:25 AM

Confirmations

4,705,284

Merkle Root

eb2845c768c4a2031cc87720d75e2567c32ee9d2ef47a3d39507afce0b4ceef9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13354631935609113873…41349016778189165959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13354631935609113873…41349016778189165959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13354631935609113873…41349016778189165961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.670 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26709263871218227747…82698033556378331919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.670 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26709263871218227747…82698033556378331921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.341 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53418527742436455495…65396067112756663839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.341 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53418527742436455495…65396067112756663841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.068 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10683705548487291099…30792134225513327679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.068 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10683705548487291099…30792134225513327681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.136 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21367411096974582198…61584268451026655359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.136 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21367411096974582198…61584268451026655361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,990,239 XPM·at block #6,843,232 · updates every 60s
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