Block #2,133,056

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/26/2017, 5:49:05 AM · Difficulty 10.9100 · 4,706,370 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
52fa2a398b432235fbfc86e59ee53fb90f78e8472df00b461d04924f9df756df

Height

#2,133,056

Difficulty

10.910031

Transactions

13

Size

6.19 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae8f7c6

Nonce

715,229,829

Timestamp

5/26/2017, 5:49:05 AM

Confirmations

4,706,370

Merkle Root

0b374d9d8a96441ff1b0f376f342ed5a1424bc39eecf30a05dc8ddae860e6f95
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.037 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70375980680132658240…87541767357482364319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.037 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70375980680132658240…87541767357482364319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.037 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70375980680132658240…87541767357482364321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.407 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14075196136026531648…75083534714964728639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.407 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14075196136026531648…75083534714964728641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.815 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28150392272053063296…50167069429929457279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.815 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28150392272053063296…50167069429929457281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.630 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56300784544106126592…00334138859858914559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.630 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56300784544106126592…00334138859858914561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.126 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11260156908821225318…00668277719717829119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.126 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11260156908821225318…00668277719717829121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,959,697 XPM·at block #6,839,425 · updates every 60s
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