Block #2,126,122

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/21/2017, 12:48:11 AM · Difficulty 10.9194 · 4,716,824 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8227d588bd4322d9e906377b3f87000e694813a7d5a5769ae78dd8feb2da4e19

Height

#2,126,122

Difficulty

10.919387

Transactions

16

Size

6.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aeb5cf5

Nonce

960,361,532

Timestamp

5/21/2017, 12:48:11 AM

Confirmations

4,716,824

Merkle Root

b305d73680eaa9d21abc8c35515ce6f0d1cd031e3fdce286d6e2a7d870125d47
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.531 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15314367948448430460…62541051783603998719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.531 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15314367948448430460…62541051783603998719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.531 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15314367948448430460…62541051783603998721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.062 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30628735896896860920…25082103567207997439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.062 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30628735896896860920…25082103567207997441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.125 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
61257471793793721840…50164207134415994879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.125 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
61257471793793721840…50164207134415994881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.225 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12251494358758744368…00328414268831989759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.225 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12251494358758744368…00328414268831989761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.450 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24502988717517488736…00656828537663979519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.450 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24502988717517488736…00656828537663979521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,919 XPM·at block #6,842,945 · updates every 60s
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