Block #2,124,716

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/20/2017, 2:35:05 AM · Difficulty 10.9182 · 4,685,898 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ee2db377a693dee1d92f15d583d9056a73b1bef2d48963d763c65a90f95cfda7

Height

#2,124,716

Difficulty

10.918212

Transactions

44

Size

15.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aeb0ff7

Nonce

309,896,264

Timestamp

5/20/2017, 2:35:05 AM

Confirmations

4,685,898

Merkle Root

b0675b57ab00ec3a8c50cfa5da396ee5ef90d0d7722de2becd2350367bebe3ca
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.744 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27445409903242732369…22781033548175985519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.744 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27445409903242732369…22781033548175985519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.744 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27445409903242732369…22781033548175985521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.489 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54890819806485464738…45562067096351971039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.489 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54890819806485464738…45562067096351971041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.097 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10978163961297092947…91124134192703942079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.097 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10978163961297092947…91124134192703942081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.195 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21956327922594185895…82248268385407884159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.195 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21956327922594185895…82248268385407884161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.391 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43912655845188371790…64496536770815768319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.391 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43912655845188371790…64496536770815768321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,728,996 XPM·at block #6,810,613 · updates every 60s
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