Block #211,092

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/15/2013, 1:00:41 PM · Difficulty 9.9146 · 6,604,961 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
680e2a32027a30329387aeedbaea578f19de85b1deccac73a6c9f312c02adf2a

Height

#211,092

Difficulty

9.914571

Transactions

1

Size

4.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ea214e

Nonce

1,164,749,055

Timestamp

10/15/2013, 1:00:41 PM

Confirmations

6,604,961

Merkle Root

45fd584225bc9ac789f1fe081b023c50b9db1ddef4a733b760e8692d7285557c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.293 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22931957719207829549…96801067183446085261
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.293 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22931957719207829549…96801067183446085261
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.586 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
45863915438415659098…93602134366892170521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
9.172 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91727830876831318196…87204268733784341041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.834 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18345566175366263639…74408537467568682081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.669 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36691132350732527278…48817074935137364161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
7.338 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73382264701465054557…97634149870274728321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.467 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14676452940293010911…95268299740549456641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.935 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
29352905880586021823…90536599481098913281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.870 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58705811761172043646…81073198962197826561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,772,539 XPM·at block #6,816,052 · updates every 60s
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