Block #210,761

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/15/2013, 8:36:01 AM · Difficulty 9.9135 · 6,583,987 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
dbc325f5401560e1a2330e07acb782be80e7e01d6ad87de578afd8a82db2cdca

Height

#210,761

Difficulty

9.913464

Transactions

2

Size

8.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

09e9d8cb

Nonce

1,164,843,964

Timestamp

10/15/2013, 8:36:01 AM

Confirmations

6,583,987

Merkle Root

95a18217e812bdd2f4688bccca178b6a9df08261afa1cd6f9448726b6c98bc84
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.116 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51163191355072574731…81452525542810145441
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.116 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51163191355072574731…81452525542810145441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.023 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10232638271014514946…62905051085620290881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.046 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20465276542029029892…25810102171240581761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.093 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40930553084058059785…51620204342481163521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.186 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
81861106168116119570…03240408684962327041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.637 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16372221233623223914…06480817369924654081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.274 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32744442467246447828…12961634739849308161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.548 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65488884934492895656…25923269479698616321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.309 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13097776986898579131…51846538959397232641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.619 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26195553973797158262…03693077918794465281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,602,037 XPM·at block #6,794,747 · updates every 60s
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