Block #2,097,437

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/2/2017, 5:06:43 PM · Difficulty 10.8716 · 4,729,524 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c65f249d503f7f0c5134698a4fd9327a7ea31e1f31d910144142138b70e6d6e5

Height

#2,097,437

Difficulty

10.871600

Transactions

33

Size

89.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

0adf212d

Nonce

867,667,012

Timestamp

5/2/2017, 5:06:43 PM

Confirmations

4,729,524

Merkle Root

ed477b80d81fcf3ffe2fe34aeaf54404689799c216be6639f30b0360a6ca695e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.327 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13273994984313901698…34443842727689177039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.327 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13273994984313901698…34443842727689177039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.327 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13273994984313901698…34443842727689177041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.654 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26547989968627803396…68887685455378354079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.654 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26547989968627803396…68887685455378354081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.309 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53095979937255606793…37775370910756708159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.309 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53095979937255606793…37775370910756708161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.061 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10619195987451121358…75550741821513416319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.061 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10619195987451121358…75550741821513416321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.123 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21238391974902242717…51101483643026832639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.123 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21238391974902242717…51101483643026832641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,859,864 XPM·at block #6,826,960 · updates every 60s
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