Block #2,087,002

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/25/2017, 9:27:46 AM · Difficulty 10.8739 · 4,756,329 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0826db9ea85e071d5a5f035763906380ab3e3bd72a06bbec467b661792d911af

Height

#2,087,002

Difficulty

10.873885

Transactions

7

Size

3.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

0adfb6e8

Nonce

210,908,242

Timestamp

4/25/2017, 9:27:46 AM

Confirmations

4,756,329

Merkle Root

c64baedb0269f81cbbbb7908fd647cc8f69fd3464558f827953741b39b9c4b87
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.266 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82661371905341858367…73761681551042104559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.266 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82661371905341858367…73761681551042104559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.266 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82661371905341858367…73761681551042104561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.653 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16532274381068371673…47523363102084209119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.653 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16532274381068371673…47523363102084209121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.306 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33064548762136743346…95046726204168418239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.306 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33064548762136743346…95046726204168418241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.612 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66129097524273486693…90093452408336836479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.612 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66129097524273486693…90093452408336836481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.322 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13225819504854697338…80186904816673672959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.322 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13225819504854697338…80186904816673672961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,991,009 XPM·at block #6,843,330 · updates every 60s
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