Block #208,156

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/13/2013, 8:44:30 PM · Difficulty 9.9051 · 6,581,627 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
94c77ecb2d17c91c790e85d02c433cf88718ea9bdcadfad16aedd5c23651b78d

Height

#208,156

Difficulty

9.905125

Transactions

6

Size

5.49 KB

Version

2

Bits

09e7b643

Nonce

215,561

Timestamp

10/13/2013, 8:44:30 PM

Confirmations

6,581,627

Merkle Root

52f9871425bb620d49f4232f2796034ffbb357f655e029d357269908571add8c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.024 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10246960867452872121…62539744361549148159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.024 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10246960867452872121…62539744361549148159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.024 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10246960867452872121…62539744361549148161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.049 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20493921734905744242…25079488723098296319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.049 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20493921734905744242…25079488723098296321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40987843469811488484…50158977446196592639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40987843469811488484…50158977446196592641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.197 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
81975686939622976968…00317954892393185279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.197 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
81975686939622976968…00317954892393185281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.639 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16395137387924595393…00635909784786370559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.639 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16395137387924595393…00635909784786370561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,562,234 XPM·at block #6,789,782 · updates every 60s