Block #200,613

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/9/2013, 3:09:28 AM · Difficulty 9.8898 · 6,607,642 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
13064cf66523e880d119d1476ffc1c6c6c98e0320aa8ea3ce47caec5e8372012

Height

#200,613

Difficulty

9.889841

Transactions

5

Size

2.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

09e3cc9f

Nonce

194,816

Timestamp

10/9/2013, 3:09:28 AM

Confirmations

6,607,642

Merkle Root

b99601459bcfe1aee6accc3bc84e239bc6797ac5a2668a760fd5a856663c43cc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.038 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10384398351342680991…86166984153162679711
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.038 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10384398351342680991…86166984153162679711
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.076 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
20768796702685361982…72333968306325359421
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.153 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
41537593405370723965…44667936612650718841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.307 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
83075186810741447930…89335873225301437681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.661 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16615037362148289586…78671746450602875361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.323 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33230074724296579172…57343492901205750721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.646 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
66460149448593158344…14686985802411501441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.329 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13292029889718631668…29373971604823002881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.658 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26584059779437263337…58747943209646005761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,710,086 XPM·at block #6,808,254 · updates every 60s
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