Block #194,281

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/5/2013, 1:08:11 AM · Difficulty 9.8788 · 6,612,539 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
48f395c245051f548d0a013cdd801dc3fdfca9c05c832bd866ebcc2cc6211d65

Height

#194,281

Difficulty

9.878774

Transactions

2

Size

4.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09e0f750

Nonce

1,164,933,728

Timestamp

10/5/2013, 1:08:11 AM

Confirmations

6,612,539

Merkle Root

f3d9aacc183fe361cfda8ec40c423f9ee29543d8d1a2a36db3d8a0b26801e99c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.848 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28481544535535897614…64398112122057124481
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.848 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28481544535535897614…64398112122057124481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.696 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56963089071071795228…28796224244114248961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.139 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11392617814214359045…57592448488228497921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.278 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22785235628428718091…15184896976456995841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.557 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45570471256857436182…30369793952913991681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.114 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91140942513714872365…60739587905827983361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.822 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18228188502742974473…21479175811655966721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.645 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36456377005485948946…42958351623311933441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.291 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72912754010971897892…85916703246623866881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,698,662 XPM·at block #6,806,819 · updates every 60s
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